Thiazolidinediones (TZDs)

Thiazolidinediones (TZDs or “glitazones”) are oral medications—primarily pioglitazone (Actos) and rosiglitazone (Avandia)—used to treat type 2 diabetes by increasing insulin sensitivity in fat, muscle, and liver cells. They lower blood glucose and HbA1c by activating PPAR-

receptors, often used alongside lifestyle changes. Common side effects include weight gain, edema, and increased fracture risk, with potential contraindications for heart failure patients.